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This is an interesting exercise, the computation of the Liénard–Wiechert potentials describing the classical electromagnetic field of a moving electric point charge, a problem of a 3rd year undergrad course in Electrodynamics. The calculation is nontrivial and is performed below using the Physics  package, following the presentation in [1] (Landau & Lifshitz "The classical theory of fields"). I have not seen this calculation performed on a computer algebra worksheet before. Thus, this also showcases the more advanced level of symbolic problems that can currently be tackled on a Maple worksheet. At the end, the corresponding document is linked  and with it the computation below can be reproduced. There is also a link to a corresponding PDF file with all the sections open.

Moving charges:
The retarded and Liénard-Wiechert potentials, and the fields `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` and `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))`

Freddy Baudine(1), Edgardo S. Cheb-Terrab(2)

(1) Retired, passionate about Mathematics and Physics

(2) Physics, Differential Equations and Mathematical Functions, Maplesoft

 

Generally speaking, determining the electric and magnetic fields of a distribution of charges involves determining the potentials `ϕ` and `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`, followed by determining the fields `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` and `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` from

`#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` = -(diff(`#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`, t))/c-%Gradient(`ϕ`(X)),        `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` = `&x`(VectorCalculus[Nabla], `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`)

In turn, the formulation of the equations for `ϕ` and `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` is simple: they follow from the 4D second pair of Maxwell equations, in tensor notation

"`∂`[k](F[]^( i, k))=-(4 Pi)/c j^( i)"

where "F[]^( i, k)" is the electromagnetic field tensor and j^i is the 4D current. After imposing the Lorentz condition

`∂`[i](A^i) = 0,     i.e.    (diff(`ϕ`, t))/c+VectorCalculus[Nabla].`#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` = 0

we get

`∂`[k](`∂`[`~k`](A^i)) = 4*Pi*j^i/c

which in 3D form results in

"(∇)^2A-1/(c^2) (((∂)^2)/(∂t^2)( A))=-(4 Pi)/c j"

 

Laplacian(`ϕ`)-(diff(`ϕ`, t, t))/c^2 = -4*Pi*rho/c

where `#mover(mi("j"),mo("→"))` is the current and rho is the charge density.

 

Following the presentation shown in [1] (Landau and Lifshitz, "The classical theory of fields", sec. 62 and 63), below we solve these equations for `ϕ` and `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` resulting in the so-called retarded potentials, then recompute these fields as produced by a charge moving along a given trajectory `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))` = r__0(t) - the so-called Liénard-Wiechert potentials - finally computing an explicit form for the corresponding `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` and `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))`.

 

While the computation of the generic retarded potentials is, in principle, simple, obtaining their form for a charge moving along a given trajectory `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))` = r__0(t), and from there the form of the fields `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` and `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` shown in Landau's book, involves nontrivial algebraic manipulations. The presentation below thus also shows a technique to map onto the computer the manipulations typically done with paper and pencil for these problems. To reproduce the contents below, the Maplesoft Physics Updates v.1252 or newer is required.

NULL

with(Physics); Setup(coordinates = Cartesian); with(Vectors)

[coordinatesystems = {X}]

 (1)

The retarded potentials phi and `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`

 

 

The equations which determine the scalar and vector potentials of an arbitrary electromagnetic field are input as

CompactDisplay((`ϕ`, rho, A_, j_)(X))

j_(x, y, z, t)*`will now be displayed as`*j_

(2)

%Laplacian(`ϕ`(X))-(diff(`ϕ`(X), t, t))/c^2 = -4*Pi*rho(X)

%Laplacian(varphi(X))-(diff(diff(varphi(X), t), t))/c^2 = -4*Pi*rho(X)

(3)

%Laplacian(A_(X))-(diff(A_(X), t, t))/c^2 = -4*Pi*j_(X)

%Laplacian(A_(X))-(diff(diff(A_(X), t), t))/c^2 = -4*Pi*j_(X)

(4)

The solutions to these inhomogeneous equations are computed as the sum of the solutions for the equations without right-hand side plus a particular solution to the equation with right-hand side.

Computing the solution to the equations for `ϕ`(X) and  `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`(X)

   

The Liénard-Wiechert potentials of a charge moving along `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))` = r__0_(t)

 

From (13), the potential at the point X = (x, y, z, t)is determined by the charge e(t-r/c), i.e. by the position of the charge e at the earlier time

`#msup(mi("t"),mo("'",fontweight = "bold"))` = t-LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)/c

The quantityLinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)is the 3D distance from the position of the charge at the time diff(t(x), x) to the 3D point of observationx, y, z. In the previous section, the charge was located at the origin and at rest, so LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`) = r, the radial coordinate. If the charge is moving, say on a path r__0_(t), we have

`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))` = `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`-r__0_(`#msup(mi("t"),mo("'",fontweight = "bold"))`)

From (13)≡`ϕ`(r, t) = de(t-r/c)/r and the definition of `#msup(mi("t"),mo("'",fontweight = "bold"))` above, the potential `ϕ`(r, t) of a moving charge can be written as

`ϕ`(r, t(x)) = e/LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`) and e/LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`) = e/(c*(t(x)-(diff(t(x), x))))

When the charge is at rest, in the Lorentz gauge we are working, the vector potential is `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` = 0. When the charge is moving, the form of `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` can be found searching for a solution to "(∇)^2A-1/(c^2) (((∂)^2)/(∂t^2)( A))=-(4 Pi)/c j" that gives `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` = 0 when `#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))` = 0. Following [1], this solution can be written as

"A( )^(alpha)=(e u( )^(alpha))/(`R__beta` u^(beta))" 

where u^mu is the four velocity of the charge, "R^(mu) = r^( mu)-`r__0`^(mu) = [(r)-(`r__`),c(t-t')]".  

 

Without showing the intermediate steps, [1] presents the three dimensional vectorial form of these potentials `ϕ` and `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` as

 

`ϕ` = e/(R-`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`/c.`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`),   `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` = e*`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`/(c*(R-`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`/c.`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`))

Computing the vectorial form of the Liénard-Wiechert potentials

   

The electric and magnetic fields `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` and `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` of a charge moving along `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))` = r__0_(t)

 

The electric and magnetic fields at a point x, y, z, t are calculated from the potentials `ϕ` and `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` through the formulas

 

`#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))`(x, y, z, t) = -(diff(`#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`(x, y, z, t), t))/c-(%Gradient(`ϕ`(X)))(x, y, z, t),        `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))`(x, y, z, t) = `&x`(VectorCalculus[Nabla], `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`(x, y, z, t))

where, for the case of a charge moving on a path r__0_(t), these potentials were calculated in the previous section as (24) and (18)

`ϕ`(x, y, z, t) = e/(LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)-`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`.(`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`/c))

`#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`(x, y, z, t) = e*`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`/(c*(LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)-`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`.(`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`/c)))

These two expressions, however, depend on the time only through the retarded time t__0. This dependence is within `#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))` = `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0(x, y, z, t)) and through the velocity of the charge `#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`(t__0(x, y, z, t)). So, before performing the differentiations, this dependence on t__0(x, y, z, t) must be taken into account.

CompactDisplay(r_(x, y, z), (E_, H_, t__0)(x, y, z, t))

t__0(x, y, z, t)*`will now be displayed as`*t__0

(29)

R_ = r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0(x, y, z, t)), v_ = v_(t__0(x, y, z, t))

R_ = r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0(X)), v_ = v_(t__0(X))

(30)

The Electric field `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` = -(diff(`#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`, t))/c-%Gradient(`ϕ`)

 

Computation of Gradient(`ϕ`(X)) 

Computation of "(∂A)/(∂t)"

   

 Collecting the results of the two previous subsections, we have for the electric field

`#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))`(X) = -(diff(`#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`(X), t))/c-%Gradient(`ϕ`(X))

E_(X) = -(diff(A_(X), t))/c-%Gradient(varphi(X))

(60)

subs(%Gradient(varphi(X)) = -c*e*(-Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2*R_-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*c*v_+R_*c^2+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)*R_+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)*v_)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3, Physics[Vectors]:-diff(A_(X), t) = e*(Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)^2*a_*c-v_*Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)*a_+v_*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)+c*v_*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))/((1-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)/(Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*c))*(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)), E_(X) = -(diff(A_(X), t))/c-%Gradient(varphi(X)))

E_(X) = -e*(Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)^2*a_*c-v_*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)*a_+v_*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_)*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)+c*v_*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))/(c*(1-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)/(Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*c))*(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^2*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_))+c*e*(-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2*R_-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*c*v_+R_*c^2+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_)*R_+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)*v_)/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3

 (61)

The book, presents this result as equation (63.8):

`#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` = e*(1-v^2/c^2)*(`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`-`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`*R/c)/(R-(`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`.`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)/c)^3+`&x`(e*`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`/c(R-(`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`.`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)/c)^6, `&x`(`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`-`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`*R/c, `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`))

where `≡`(R, LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)) and `≡`(v, LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`)). To rewrite (61) as in the above, introduce the two triple vector products

`&x`(R_, `&x`(v_, a_)); expand(%) = %

v_*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)*a_ = Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(v_, a_))

(62)

simplify(E_(X) = -e*(Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)^2*a_*c-v_*Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)*a_+v_*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)+c*v_*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))/(c*(1-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)/(Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*c))*(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_))+c*e*(-Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2*R_-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*c*v_+R_*c^2+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)*R_+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)*v_)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3, {v_*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)*a_ = Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](v_, a_))})

E_(X) = e*(-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(v_, a_))+R_*c*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_)-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)^2*a_*c+(-c^2*v_+v_*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2)*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)+R_*c^3-R_*c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2)/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3

(63)

`&x`(R_, `&x`(R_, a_)); expand(%) = %

Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_)*R_-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)^2*a_ = Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_))

(64)

simplify(E_(X) = e*(-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](v_, a_))+R_*c*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)^2*a_*c+(-c^2*v_+v_*Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2)*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)+R_*c^3-R_*c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3, {Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)*R_-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)^2*a_ = Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_))})

E_(X) = (c*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_))-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(v_, a_))+(c-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_))*(c+Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_))*(R_*c-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*v_))*e/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3

(65)

Split now this result into two terms, one of them involving the acceleration `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`. For that purpose first expand the expression without expanding the cross products

lhs(E_(X) = (c*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_))-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](v_, a_))+(c-Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_))*(c+Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_))*(R_*c-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*v_))*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3) = frontend(expand, [rhs(E_(X) = (c*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_))-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](v_, a_))+(c-Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_))*(c+Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_))*(R_*c-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*v_))*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3)])

E_(X) = e*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2*v_/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3-e*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*c^2*v_/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3-e*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2*R_*c/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3+e*R_*c^3/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3+e*c*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_))/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3-e*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(v_, a_))/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3

 (66)

Introduce the notation used in the textbook, `≡`(R, LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)) and `≡`(v, LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`)) and proceed with the splitting

lhs(E_(X) = (c*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_))-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](v_, a_))+(c-Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_))*(c+Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_))*(R_*c-Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*v_))*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3) = subs(Norm(R_) = R, Norm(v_) = v, add(normal([selectremove(`not`(has), rhs(E_(X) = e*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2*v_/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-e*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*c^2*v_/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-e*Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2*R_*c/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3+e*R_*c^3/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3+e*c*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_))/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-e*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](v_, a_))/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3), `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`)])))

E_(X) = e*(-R*c^2*v_+R*v^2*v_+R_*c^3-R_*c*v^2)/(c*R-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3-e*(R*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(v_, a_))-c*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_)))/(c*R-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3

(67)

Rearrange only the first term using simplify; that can be done in different ways, perhaps the simplest is using subsop

subsop([2, 1] = simplify(op([2, 1], E_(X) = e*(-R*c^2*v_+R*v^2*v_+R_*c^3-R_*c*v^2)/(c*R-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-e*(R*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](v_, a_))-c*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_)))/(c*R-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3)), E_(X) = e*(-R*c^2*v_+R*v^2*v_+R_*c^3-R_*c*v^2)/(c*R-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-e*(R*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](v_, a_))-c*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_)))/(c*R-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3)

E_(X) = e*(c-v)*(c+v)*(-R*v_+R_*c)/(c*R-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3-e*(R*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(v_, a_))-c*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_)))/(c*R-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3

(68)

NULL

By eye this result is mathematically equal to equation (63.8) of the textbook, shown here above before (62) .

 

Algebraic manipulation rewriting (68) as the textbook equation (63.8)

   

The magnetic field  `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` = `&x`(VectorCalculus[Nabla], `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`)

 

 

The book does not show an explicit form for `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))`, it only indicates that it is related to the electric field by the formula

 

`#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` = `&x`(`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`, `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))`)/LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)

 

Thus in this section we compute the explicit form of `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` and show that this relationship mentioned in the book holds. To compute `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` = `&x`(VectorCalculus[Nabla], `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`) we proceed as done in the previous sections, the right-hand side should be taken at the previous (retarded) time t__0. For clarity, turn OFF the compact display of functions.

OFF

 

We need to calculate

H_(X) = Curl(A_(x, y, z, t__0(x, y, z, t)))

H_(X) = Physics:-Vectors:-Curl(A_(x, y, z, t__0(X)))

(75)

Deriving the chain rule `&x`(VectorCalculus[Nabla], `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`(t__0(x, y, z, t))) = %Curl(A_(x, y, z, `#msub(mi("t"),mi("0"))`))+`&x`(%Gradient(`#msub(mi("t"),mi("0"))`(X)), diff(`#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))`(t__0), t__0))

   

So applying to (75)  the chain rule derived in the previous subsection we have

H_(X) = %Curl(A_(x, y, z, t__0))+`&x`(%Gradient(t__0(X)), diff(A_(x, y, z, t__0), t__0))

H_(X) = %Curl(A_(x, y, z, t__0))+Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(%Gradient(t__0(X)), diff(A_(x, y, z, t__0), t__0))

(87)

where t__0 is taken as a function of x, y, z, t only in %Gradient(`#msub(mi("t"),mi("0"))`(X)). Now that the functionality is understood, turning ON the compact display of functions and displaying the fields by their names,

CompactDisplay(H_(X) = %Curl(A_(x, y, z, t__0))+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](%Gradient(t__0(X)), diff(A_(x, y, z, t__0), t__0)), E_(X))

E_(x, y, z, t)*`will now be displayed as`*E_

(88)

The value of %Gradient(`#msub(mi("t"),mi("0"))`(X)) is computed lines above as (48)

%Gradient(t__0(X)) = R_/(-c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))

%Gradient(t__0(X)) = R_/(-c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))

(89)

The expression for `#mover(mi("A"),mo("→"))` with no dependency is computed lines above, as (28),

subs(A_ = A_(x, y, z, t__0), A_ = e*v_/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_/c))*c))

A_(x, y, z, t__0) = e*v_/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)/c)*c)

(90)

The expressions for `#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))` and the velocity in terms of t__0 with no dependency are

R_ = r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_ = v_(t__0)

R_ = r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_ = v_(t__0)

(91)

CompactDisplay(r_(x, y, z))

r_(x, y, z)*`will now be displayed as`*r_

(92)

subs(R_ = r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_ = v_(t__0), [%Gradient(t__0(X)) = R_/(-c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)), A_(x, y, z, t__0) = e*v_/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)/c)*c)])

[%Gradient(t__0(X)) = (r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))/(-c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))), A_(x, y, z, t__0) = e*v_(t__0)/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))/c)*c)]

(93)

Introducing this into "H(X)=`%Curl`(A_(x,y,z,t[`0`]))+(`%Gradient`(t[`0`](X)))*((∂A)/(∂`t__0`))",

eval(H_(X) = %Curl(A_(x, y, z, t__0))+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](%Gradient(t__0(X)), diff(A_(x, y, z, t__0), t__0)), [%Gradient(t__0(X)) = (r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))/(-c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))+Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))), A_(x, y, z, t__0) = e*v_(t__0)/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))/c)*c)])

H_(X) = %Curl(e*v_(t__0)/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))/c)*c))+Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), -e*v_(t__0)*(-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(diff(r__0_(t__0), t__0), r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))/Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-(-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(diff(r__0_(t__0), t__0), v_(t__0))+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), diff(v_(t__0), t__0)))/c)/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))/c)^2*c)+e*(diff(v_(t__0), t__0))/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))/c)*c))/(-c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0)))

 (94)

Before computing the first term `&x`(VectorCalculus[Nabla], () .. ()), for readability, re-introduce the velocity diff(`#msub(mi("r"),mi("0_"))`(t__0), t__0) = `#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`, the acceleration diff(`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`(t__0), t__0) = `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`, then remove the dependency of these functions on t__0, not relevant anymore since there are no more derivatives with respect to t__0. Performing these substitutions in sequence,

diff(`#msub(mi("r"),mi("0_"))`(t__0), t__0) = `#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`, diff(`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`(t__0), t__0) = `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`, `#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`(t__0) = `#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`, `#msub(mi("r"),mi("0_"))`(t__0) = `#msub(mi("r"),mi("0_"))`

diff(r__0_(t__0), t__0) = v_, diff(v_(t__0), t__0) = a_, v_(t__0) = v_, r__0_(t__0) = r__0_

(95)

subs(diff(r__0_(t__0), t__0) = v_, diff(v_(t__0), t__0) = a_, v_(t__0) = v_, r__0_(t__0) = r__0_, H_(X) = %Curl(e*v_(t__0)/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))/c)*c))+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), -e*v_(t__0)*(-Physics[Vectors][`.`](diff(r__0_(t__0), t__0), r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))/Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-(-Physics[Vectors][`.`](diff(r__0_(t__0), t__0), v_(t__0))+Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), diff(v_(t__0), t__0)))/c)/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))/c)^2*c)+e*(diff(v_(t__0), t__0))/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))/c)*c))/(-c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0))+Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_(t__0), v_(t__0))))

H_(X) = %Curl(e*v_/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)*c))+Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, -e*v_*(-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(v_, r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)/Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-(-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(v_, v_)+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, a_))/c)/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)^2*c)+e*a_/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)*c))/(-c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))

 (96)

Activate now the inert curl `&x`(VectorCalculus[Nabla], () .. ())

value(H_(X) = %Curl(e*v_/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)*c))+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, -e*v_*(-Physics[Vectors][`.`](v_, r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)/Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-(-Physics[Vectors][`.`](v_, v_)+Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, a_))/c)/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)^2*c)+e*a_/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)*c))/(-c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)+Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)))

H_(X) = e*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(-c^2*_i*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(diff(r_(x, y, z), x), r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)/((c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_))+c*_i*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(diff(r_(x, y, z), x), v_)/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2-c^2*_j*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(diff(r_(x, y, z), y), r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)/((c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_))+c*_j*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(diff(r_(x, y, z), y), v_)/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2-c^2*_k*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(diff(r_(x, y, z), z), r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)/((c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_))+c*_k*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(diff(r_(x, y, z), z), v_)/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2, v_)/c+Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, -e*v_*(-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-(-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, a_))/c)/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)^2*c)+e*a_/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)*c))/(-c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))

 (97)

From (34)≡diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`, x) = `#mover(mi("i"),mo("∧"))`, diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`, y) = `#mover(mi("j"),mo("∧"))`, diff(`#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`, z) = `#mover(mi("k"),mo("∧"))`, and reintroducing `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(x, y, z)-r__0_ = `#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`

subs(diff(r_(x, y, z), x) = _i, diff(r_(x, y, z), y) = _j, diff(r_(x, y, z), z) = _k, `#mover(mi("r"),mo("→"))`(x, y, z)-r__0_ = `#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`, H_(X) = e*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](-c^2*_i*Physics[Vectors][`.`](diff(r_(x, y, z), x), r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)/((c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_))+c*_i*Physics[Vectors][`.`](diff(r_(x, y, z), x), v_)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2-c^2*_j*Physics[Vectors][`.`](diff(r_(x, y, z), y), r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)/((c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_))+c*_j*Physics[Vectors][`.`](diff(r_(x, y, z), y), v_)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2-c^2*_k*Physics[Vectors][`.`](diff(r_(x, y, z), z), r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)/((c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_))+c*_k*Physics[Vectors][`.`](diff(r_(x, y, z), z), v_)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_))^2, v_)/c+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, -e*v_*(-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-(-Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2+Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, a_))/c)/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)^2*c)+e*a_/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)/c)*c))/(-c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_)+Physics[Vectors][`.`](r_(x, y, z)-r__0_, v_)))

H_(X) = e*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(-c^2*_i*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(_i, R_)/((c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^2*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_))+c*_i*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(_i, v_)/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^2-c^2*_j*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(_j, R_)/((c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^2*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_))+c*_j*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(_j, v_)/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^2-c^2*_k*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(_k, R_)/((c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^2*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_))+c*_k*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(_k, v_)/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^2, v_)/c+Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, -e*v_*(-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)/Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-(-Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_))/c)/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)/c)^2*c)+e*a_/((Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)/c)*c))/(-c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))

 (98)

Simplify(H_(X) = e*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](-c^2*_i*Physics[Vectors][`.`](_i, R_)/((c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_))+c*_i*Physics[Vectors][`.`](_i, v_)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^2-c^2*_j*Physics[Vectors][`.`](_j, R_)/((c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_))+c*_j*Physics[Vectors][`.`](_j, v_)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^2-c^2*_k*Physics[Vectors][`.`](_k, R_)/((c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^2*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_))+c*_k*Physics[Vectors][`.`](_k, v_)/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^2, v_)/c+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, -e*v_*(-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)/Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-(-Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_))/c)/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)/c)^2*c)+e*a_/((Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)/c)*c))/(-c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)))

H_(X) = (-e*c*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, v_)*(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))+e*(-c*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)+(Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_))*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_))*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, v_)-e*(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_))/((c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_))

 (99)

To conclude, rearrange this expression as done with the one for the electric field `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))` at (65), so first expand  (99) without expanding the cross products

lhs(H_(X) = (-e*c*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)*(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))+e*(-c*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)+(Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_))*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_))*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)-e*(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_))/((c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_))) = frontend(expand, [rhs(H_(X) = (-e*c*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)*(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))+e*(-c*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)+(Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_))*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_))*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)-e*(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_))/((c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)))])

H_(X) = -Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_)*c*e/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3+Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, v_)*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(v_)^2*e/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3-Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, v_)*c^2*e/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_)*e/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3-Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, v_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_)*e/(c*Physics:-Vectors:-Norm(R_)-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3

 (100)

Then introduce the notation used in the textbook, `≡`(R, LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`)) and `≡`(v, LinearAlgebra[Norm](`#mover(mi("v"),mo("→"))`)) and split into two terms, one of which contains the acceleration `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`

lhs(H_(X) = -Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_)*c*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)*Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)*c^2*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_)*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3) = subs(Norm(R_) = R, Norm(v_) = v, add(normal([selectremove(`not`(has), rhs(H_(X) = -Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_)*c*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3+Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)*Physics[Vectors][Norm](v_)^2*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)*c^2*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3+Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_)*Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, a_)*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3-Physics[Vectors][`&x`](R_, v_)*Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, a_)*e/(c*Physics[Vectors][Norm](R_)-Physics[Vectors][`.`](R_, v_))^3), `#mover(mi("a"),mo("→"))`)])))

H_(X) = Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, v_)*e*(-c^2+v^2)/(c*R-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3-e*(Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_)*R*c-Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, a_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_)+Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, a_)*Physics:-Vectors:-`&x`(R_, v_))/(c*R-Physics:-Vectors:-`.`(R_, v_))^3

(101)

Verifying `#mover(mi("H"),mo("→"))` = `&x`(`#mover(mi("R"),mo("→"))`, `#mover(mi("E"),mo("→"))`)/R

   

References

 

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[1] Landau, L.D., and Lifshitz, E.M. Course of Theoretical Physics Vol 2, The Classical Theory of Fields. Elsevier, 1975.

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Download document: The_field_of_moving_charges.mw

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Edgardo S. Cheb-Terrab
Physics, Differential Equations and Mathematical Functions, Maplesoft
tensor physics electromagnetic charges electrodynamics

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