It is obvious that the result of odetest cannot be 0, because sol is a truncated series.
(strictly speaking, it's not a `series`, the type being `+`).
But this works as expected:
restart;
Order:=20:
ode:=x^3*diff(y(x),x$2)+x^2*diff(y(x),x)+y(x)=0:
sol:=dsolve(ode,y(x),'series',x=infinity):
odetest(sol,ode):
asympt(%,x); # just simplifies